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<title>Fredrick Chien</title>

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Fredrick Chien

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</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Chien Foo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname" lang="zh-tw"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">

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</style>錢復</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, 1997</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="List_of_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Control Yuan">President</a> of <a href="Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 February 1999 – 1 February 2005</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Wang_Tso-yung" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Tso-yung">Wang Tso-yung</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Wang_Chien-shien" title="Wang Chien-shien">Wang Chien-shien</a> (2008)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Speaker of the <a href="National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">National Assembly</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 8 July 1996 – 13 January 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Title Established</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Su_Nan-cheng" title="Su Nan-cheng">Su Nan-cheng</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> of the Republic of China</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 June 1990 – 10 June 1996</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Vice</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Stephen_S._F._Chen" title="Stephen S. F. Chen">Stephen S. F. Chen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Lien_Chan" title="Lien Chan">Lien Chan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="John_Chiang_(Taiwan)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Chiang (Taiwan)">John Chiang</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chairman of the <a href="Council_for_Economic_Planning_and_Development" title="Council for Economic Planning and Development">Council for Economic Planning and Development</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 22 July 1988 – 1 June 1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Chao_Yao-tung" title="Chao Yao-tung">Chao Yao-tung</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Shirley_Kuo" title="Shirley Kuo">Shirley Kuo</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="Minister_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister without Portfolio">Minister without Portfolio</a> of the <a href="Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 22 July 1988 – 1 June 1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Premier</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Yu_Kuo-hwa" title="Yu Kuo-hwa">Yu Kuo-hwa</a> <a href="Lee_Huan" title="Lee Huan">Lee Huan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">ROC <a href="Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office_in_the_United_States" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States">Representative</a> to the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 19 November 1982 – 20 July 1988</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Cai Weiping</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ting_Mao-shih" title="Ting Mao-shih">Ting Mao-shih</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Director-General of the <a href="Government_Information_Office" title="Government Information Office">Government Information Office</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none">In office 1 June 1972 – 19 May 1975</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="James_Wei" title="James Wei">James Wei</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Ting_Mao-shih" title="Ting Mao-shih">Ting Mao-shih</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"> (1935-03-21) 21 March 1935 <a href="Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1298804929">

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<div class="marriage-display-inline"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="Julie_Tien" title="Julie Tien">Julie Tien</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">

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</style>1963)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">

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</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="Carl_Chien" title="Carl Chien">Carl</a></li><li>Carol</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Chien_Shih-Liang" title="Chien Shih-Liang">Chien Shih-Liang</a> (father)</li><li>Chang Wan-tu (mother)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Robert_Chien" title="Robert Chien">Robert Chien</a>, <a href="Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a> (brothers) Chien Hong-ye (grandfather)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a> (<a href="B._A." class="mw-redirect" title="B. A.">BA</a>) <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> (<a href="M._A." class="mw-redirect" title="M. A.">MA</a>, <a href="PhD" class="mw-redirect" title="PhD">PhD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="Republic_of_China_Army" title="Republic of China Army">Republic of China Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1956–1958</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%8C%A2" class="extiw external" title="wikt:錢">錢</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%BE%A9" class="extiw external" title="wikt:復">復</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data">钱复</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Qián Fù</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ㄑㄧㄢˊㄧㄈㄨˋ</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="Chinese_name" title="Chinese name">Chinese name</a>, the <a href="Chinese_surname" title="Chinese surname">family name</a> is <a href="Qian_(surname)" title="Qian (surname)">Chien</a>.</div>

Chien Foo (<a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: 錢復; born 21 March 1935), also known by his English name Fredrick Foo Chien, is a Taiwanese diplomat and politician who served as the <a href="List_of_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Control Yuan">president</a> of the <a href="Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a> from 1999 to 2005.<a href="#cite_note-GIO-1">[1]</a> After earning his doctorate from <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, he assumed a series of governmental positions include Director-General of the <a href="Government_Information_Office" title="Government Information Office">Government Information Office</a> from 1972 to 1975, Republic of China <a href="Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office_in_the_United_States" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States">Representative</a> to the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a> from 1982 to 1988, Chairman of the <a href="Council_for_Economic_Planning_and_Development" title="Council for Economic Planning and Development">Council for Economic Planning and Development</a> from 1988 to 1990, and <a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> from 1990 to 1996. He was also the Speaker of the <a href="National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">National Assembly</a> between 1996 and 1999.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2></div>

Chuen was born in Peking's Shou Shan Hospital, a hospital of the <a href="Peking_Union_Medical_College" title="Peking Union Medical College">Peking Union Medical College</a>, on March 21, 1935 (February 17 on the lunar calendar). His family's <a href="Ancestral_home_(Chinese)" title="Ancestral home (Chinese)">ancestral home</a> was <a href="Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a>, <a href="Zhejiang" title="Zhejiang">Zhejiang</a>. Chien's paternal grandfather, Chien Hong-Yeh, was a Chief Judge of the Criminal Court in Shanghai. Chien's father, <a href="Chien_Shih-Liang" title="Chien Shih-Liang">Chien Shih-Liang</a>, was a chemist and educator, and the former President of the <a href="National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a> and <a href="Academia_Sinica" title="Academia Sinica">Academia Sinica</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NTU_News-2">[2]</a> Chien's mother was Chang Wan-tu.

In the fall of 1937, at the age of two, as the <a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> broke out, his family moved to <a href="Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a> to live with his paternal grandfather. His grandfather was assassinated during the <a href="Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a> in July 1940 after refusing to go along with a Japanese attempt to control the court system. After the war ended, his family moved back to Peking, where his father became the chair of <a href="Peking_University" title="Peking University">Peking University</a>'s Chemistry Department at the invitation of President <a href="Fu_Ssu-nien" title="Fu Ssu-nien">Fu Ssu-nien</a>. With the <a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, his family moved to Shanghai in mid-January 1949 and then to Taiwan with the Nationalist Government in mid-February.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div>

In Taiwan, Chien was a student at <a href="Taipei_Municipal_Jianguo_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Municipal Jianguo High School">Jianguo High School</a>, where he graduated in 1952. He attended <a href="National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a> as an undergraduate, graduating in 1956 with a bachelor's degree with honors in <a href="Political_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Science">political science</a>. During his time at the National Taiwan University, he was elected as the president of the <a href="Student_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Student government">student government</a> and held the first <a href="Model_United_Nations" title="Model United Nations">Model United Nations</a> conference in Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-NTU-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-MUN-4">[4]</a> He also joined the <a href="China_Youth_Corps" title="China Youth Corps">China Youth Corps</a>, where he visited Turkey and Spain in 1955. Chien passed the foreign service examination in 1956.

After completing his <a href="Conscription" title="Conscription">conscription</a>, he pursued advanced studies in the United States, first earning an M.A. degree from <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in <a href="New_Haven%2C_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, in 1959 and then a Ph.D. in international relations from Yale in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-GIO-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lung-chu_Chen_Book-5">[5]</a> He wrote his thesis on <a href="Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing dynasty</a> China's diplomacy in <a href="Joseon_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseon dynasty">Joseon dynasty</a> Korea during the opening of Korea, focusing on the period between the <a href="Japan-Korea_Treaty_of_1876" class="mw-redirect" title="Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876">Japan-Korea Treaty of 1876</a> until the 1885 <a href="Convention_of_Tientsin" title="Convention of Tientsin">Convention of Tientsin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a>

Chen was engaged to <a href="Julie_Tien" title="Julie Tien">Julie Tien</a> on September 16, 1961, with Madame <a href="Hu_Shih" title="Hu Shih">Hu Shih</a> presiding over the ceremony in New York. Hu Shih was close to the Chien family, having mentored Chien since his time in Peking.<a href="#cite_note-Shu_Chien_Book-7">[7]</a> On September 22, 1963, the couple were married at Taipei's Armed Forces Officers Club with <a href="Wang_Yun-wu" title="Wang Yun-wu">Wang Yun-wu</a> officiating their marriage.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_career">Early career</h2></div>

Upon returning to Taiwan in 1961, Chien interned at the <a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> for three months and subsequently joined the Ministry in early 1962. Within months, he transferred to the <a href="Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>, as a secretary and the English interpreter for <a href="Premier_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Premier of the Republic of China">Premier</a> and <a href="Vice_President_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Vice President of the Republic of China">Vice President</a> <a href="Chen_Cheng" title="Chen Cheng">Chen Cheng</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chen_Cheng-8">[8]</a> Chien also served as the English secretary and interpreter for President <a href="Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> from 1965 to 1975.<a href="#cite_note-CKS_1-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-CKS_2-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-State_Memorandum_of_Conversation-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-State_1969_Newsletter-12">[12]</a> Remembering his experience as an aide to President Chiang Kai-shek, Chien once said: "Sometimes I did oral translation four to five times a day. I was lucky to come into contact with the late President and leaders of many other nations. I was greatly enlightened by listening to their conversations."<a href="#cite_note-Chien_Taiwan_Panorama-13">[13]</a>

In 1963, Chien was awarded the 1st Annual Ten Outstanding Young Persons Award of the Republic of China along with other figures such as businessman <a href="Wu_Yao-ting" title="Wu Yao-ting">Wu Yao-ting</a> and politician <a href="Peng_Ming-min" title="Peng Ming-min">Peng Ming-min</a>.

Chien was an executive officer for the Ministry from 1962 to 1963 and section chief of the 1st Section of the Department of North American Affairs from 1964 to March 1967. He served as the deputy director-general of the Department from March 1967 to July 1969 and then as director-general from July 1969 to June 1972.<a href="#cite_note-State_1969–1972-14">[14]</a> As Director-General in Taipei, he pushed to accelerate congressional liaison work in Washington. He also helped initiated massive invitational programs for senators, members of the House, and congressional aides to visit Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a>

On August 18, 1969, Chien graduated from the 10th class of the Defense Research Institute.<a href="#cite_note-ROC_Yearbook-16">[16]</a>

In September 1971, Chien attended the Twenty-sixth session of the <a href="United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> as an advisor to the <a href="China_and_the_United_Nations#Republic_of_China_in_the_United_Nations_(1945–1971)" title="China and the United Nations">Permanent Mission of the Republic of China to the UN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UN_1-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_2-18">[18]</a>

After the US-sponsored "Important Question Variation" Resolution was defeated by a vote of 55–59, on October 25, the UN General Assembly passed <a href="Resolution_2758" class="mw-redirect" title="Resolution 2758">Resolution 2758</a> and recognized the <a href="People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) as "the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations."<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a>

Two months prior to <a href="Richard_Nixon's_1972_visit_to_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China">Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China</a>, Chien interpreted for Deputy Premier <a href="Chiang_Ching-Kuo" class="mw-redirect" title="Chiang Ching-Kuo">Chiang Ching-Kuo</a> during a two-hours long conversation with <a href="List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_China" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to China">US Ambassador</a> <a href="Walter_P._McConaughy" title="Walter P. McConaughy">Walter P. McConaughy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a>

In March 1972, he met with his counterpart, <a href="Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for Far Eastern Affairs</a> <a href="Marshall_Green" title="Marshall Green">Marshall Green</a>, in Taipei and discussed the after-effects of Nixon's visit to the mainland. During their conversation, the two discussed the meaning of the "normalization" of relations with the mainland. Green claimed that the US would maintain diplomatic ties and the <a href="Sino-American_Mutual_Defense_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty">Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty</a> with the ROC.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a>

Chien taught at the <a href="National_Chengchi_University" title="National Chengchi University">National Chengchi University</a> as an adjunct associate professor between 1962 and 1964, and as an adjunct professor at National Taiwan University from 1970 to 1972.<a href="#cite_note-Teaching-19">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Director-General_of_the_Government_Information_Office">Director-General of the Government Information Office</h2></div>

In June 1972, Chien was appointed as the 7th <a href="Government_Information_Office#List_of_director-generals" title="Government Information Office">Director-General</a> of the <a href="Government_Information_Office" title="Government Information Office">Government Information Office</a> (GIO) by Premier Chiang Ching-kuo, succeeding <a href="James_Wei" title="James Wei">James Wei</a>.

On June 11, 1974, Chien presided over the opening ceremony of the 20th <a href="Asia-Pacific_Film_Festival" title="Asia-Pacific Film Festival">Asian Film Festival</a> held in Taipei. The festival was attended by nearly 400 performers, directors, and producers. As the masters of ceremonies, Chien proclaimed that "[w]e (Asian countries) have no wish to take a back seat in any phase of film-making" and that "[w]e shall produce more and better films not only for entertainment but also for education."<a href="#cite_note-Film_Fest_1-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Film_Fest_2-21">[21]</a>

As the Director-General of the GIO, Chien hosted the 10th and 11th <a href="Golden_Bell_Awards" title="Golden Bell Awards">Golden Bell Awards</a> in 1974 and 1975.

Chien traveled abroad seven times as Director-General, with four trips to the <a href="United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, two to <a href="Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, and one to <a href="Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GIO_Travel-22">[22]</a> <a href="Floyd_Kalber" title="Floyd Kalber">Floyd Kalber</a> interviewed Chien on <a href="NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>'s <a href="Today_(NBC_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Today (NBC program)">Today Show</a> on April 16, 1974, and he also appeared on <a href="American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>'s <a href="AM_America" title="AM America">AM America</a> on March 14, 1975. On March 18, 1975, Chien delivered an address to a Joint Session of the <a href="New_Hampshire_General_Court" title="New Hampshire General Court">New Hampshire State Legislature</a>, speaking about the friendship between the two nations and ROC's goal towards economic equality.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> During his trips, he met with <a href="United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">United States Information Agency</a> Director <a href="Frank_Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Shakespeare">Frank Shakespeare</a>, <a href="Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_East_Asian_and_Pacific_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs</a> <a href="Robert_S._Ingersoll" title="Robert S. Ingersoll">Robert S. Ingersoll</a>, former <a href="Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">Governor of California</a> <a href="Pat_Brown" title="Pat Brown">Pat Brown</a>, Admiral <a href="John_S._McCain_Jr." title="John S. McCain Jr.">John S. McCain Jr.</a>, and more.

<a href="Ting_Mao-shih" title="Ting Mao-shih">Ting Mao-shih</a> replaced Chien as the Director-General of the Government Information Office in May 1975.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_and_Deputy_Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs">Vice and Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs</h2></div>

The Cabinet approved Chien's appointment as Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs on May 15, 1975, and Chien assumed his new position on May 19.<a href="#cite_note-Vice_Minister_Appointment-24">[24]</a>

On February 14, 1978, Chien began an eight-country diplomatic tour to strengthen ties with European nations. The trip included stops in <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, the <a href="Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, and more. During the same trip, he met with the Austrian Chancellor <a href="Bruno_Kreisky" title="Bruno Kreisky">Bruno Kreisky</a> and foreign minister <a href="Willibald_Pahr" title="Willibald Pahr">Willibald Pahr</a>.

After President <a href="Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a>'s announcement to de-recognize the Republic of China on December 16, 1978, Chien met with US Ambassador <a href="Leonard_S._Unger" title="Leonard S. Unger">Leonard S. Unger</a> and provided six suggestions to the US Government. According to the Chien, the recommendations included: 1) to protect the Chinese residing in the United States; 2) to safeguard our properties in the US; 3) to refrain from lobbying other friendly government to follow the US lead; 4) to secure the validity of treaties and agreements between us; 5) to set up new offices for continuing all kinds of exchanges (we suggested the name should be 'Republic of China Liaison Office in the United States' as proposed by Senator Edward Kennedy earlier); and, 6) to continue supplying us with defensive weapons as required.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a>

On December 27, Chien received the United States delegation led by <a href="United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Deputy Secretary of State">Deputy Secretary of State</a> <a href="Warren_Christopher" title="Warren Christopher">Warren Christopher</a>. During the joint press conference at <a href="Taipei_Songshan_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Taipei Songshan Airport">Taipei Songshan Airport</a>, Chien stated that the de-recognition "disrupted the traditional friendship and harmonious relations between our two countries and has seriously impaired the peace and security of the Asian‐Pacific region."<a href="#cite_note-NYT_1978-25">[25]</a> He also declared that "the US government unilaterally yielded to Chinese Communist terms" in severing diplomatic relations and disregarding commitments such as the Mutual Defense Treaty.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo_1978-26">[26]</a> Recalling the press conference and the statement he made on behalf of the ROC government, Chien said: "That was not my opinion only. I was speaking from the point of view of my country. Though I received warm praise for my speech, my heart was still heavy, since the break in relations seemed to show that all the efforts of diplomats, including myself, had been in vain."<a href="#cite_note-Chien_Taiwan_Panorama-13">[13]</a>

Chien was promoted to the Deputy Foreign Minister position on July 26, 1979, while serving concurrently as the Director-General of the Department of Policy Planning.<a href="#cite_note-Vice_Foreign_Minister-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-State_1977–1980-28">[28]</a>

In December 1979, Chien visited <a href="Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> and met with <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Thailand" title="Prime Minister of Thailand">Prime Minister</a> <a href="Kriangsak_Chamanan" title="Kriangsak Chamanan">Kriangsak Chamanan</a> and discussed the economic outlook and the status of refugees in Thailand.

Deputy Foreign Minister Chien and Mrs. Chien, along with GIO Director-General <a href="James_Soong" title="James Soong">James Soong</a>, Deputy Director-General of the <a href="Bureau_of_Foreign_Trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Bureau of Foreign Trade">Bureau of Foreign Trade</a> <a href="Vincent_Siew" title="Vincent Siew">Vincent Siew</a>, and others accompanied Premier <a href="Sun_Yun-suan" title="Sun Yun-suan">Sun Yun-suan</a> on a two-week tour of three Central American allies – Costa Rica, Panama, and the Dominican Republic – in August 1980. The delegation met with President <a href="Rodrigo_Carazo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodrigo Carazo">Rodrigo Carazo</a> of Costa Rica, President <a href="Ar%C3%ADstides_Royo" title="Arístides Royo">Arístides Royo</a> of Panama, and President <a href="Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Antonio Guzmán Fernández">Antonio Guzmán</a> of the Dominican Republic.<a href="#cite_note-1980_LA-29">[29]</a>

In early June 1981, Chien made a trip to <a href="Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and met with <a href="Prime_Minister_of_Singapore" title="Prime Minister of Singapore">Prime Minister</a> <a href="Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a> and discussed issues around regional stability. Chien and Lee remained lifelong friends.

In December, Chien accompanied Premier Sun Yun-suan on a visit to <a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and met with <a href="Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> and other key officials.

In 1982, Chien became the first ROC Deputy Foreign Minister to visit Japan after the break of diplomatic relations ten years prior. He met with <a href="Chief_Cabinet_Secretary" title="Chief Cabinet Secretary">Chief Cabinet Secretary</a> <a href="Kiichi_Miyazawa" title="Kiichi Miyazawa">Kiichi Miyazawa</a> on April 12 and with Foreign Minister <a href="Yoshio_Sakurauchi" title="Yoshio Sakurauchi">Yoshio Sakurauchi</a> on April 13.

Also, in 1982, before the issuance of the <a href="Three_Communiqu%C3%A9s#3rd" title="Three Communiqués">Third Communiqué</a> (817 Communiqué), which included language on the US's intent to decrease its <a href="US_arms_sales_to_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="US arms sales to Taiwan">sale of arms to Taiwan</a> gradually, <a href="American_Institute_in_Taiwan" title="American Institute in Taiwan">American Institute in Taiwan</a> (AIT) Director <a href="James_R._Lilley" title="James R. Lilley">James R. Lilley</a> personally delivered <a href="Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a>'s <a href="Six_Assurances" title="Six Assurances">Six Assurances</a> to Chien. Chien then passed the message on to President Chiang Ching-kuo.<a href="#cite_note-Lung-chu_Chen_Book-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Six_Assurances-30">[30]</a>

He remained as Deputy Foreign Minister until November 19, 1982, when he was appointed as the ROC Representative to the United States by President Chiang Ching-kuo.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ROC_Representative_to_the_United_States">ROC Representative to the United States</h2></div>

From November 1982 to July 1988, Chien served as the Representative (ambassador equivalent) of the <a href="Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office_in_the_United_States" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States">Coordination Council for North American Affairs (CCNAA)</a> Office in the United States, ROC's <a href="De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> embassy in <a href="Washington%2C_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> Mr. and Mrs. Chien arrived at their new post on January 7, 1963, and was greeted by the former Congressman & Mrs. <a href="Walter_Judd_(politician)" title="Walter Judd (politician)">Walter Judd</a> at the <a href="Washington_Dulles_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Dulles International Airport">Washington Dulles International Airport</a>.

Upon arriving at his new post, he "found the new assignment very tough, as there was a lack of trust on both sides," and morale at the office was low.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a> He also had to check in with the State Department on everything he did, such as accepting invitations and giving interviews. Soon afterward, such restrictions were lifted.

According to AIT Chairman David Dean, Chien was a brilliant and effective envoy, and his term as the ROC representative "was off to a running start and didn't seem to slow down the entire time he was in Washington."<a href="#cite_note-Lung-chu_Chen_Book-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-David_Dean_Book-31">[31]</a> A declassified <a href="Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> memo noted Chien's ability to cultivate relationships with key figures in the US government and private sector and described him as a tough and aggressive diplomat who is "willing to compromise on form in order to obtain a stronger substantive relationship."<a href="#cite_note-CIA-32">[32]</a>

Due to the unique status of the ROC, as its representative in the United States, Chien once said: "establishing a long-term friendship requires working at building up good will" and that "all the things in Sino-American relations that are good for us can't be discussed, and the things that are bad are the ones that everyone sees."<a href="#cite_note-special_status-33">[33]</a>

Shortly upon arriving at the United States, on January 12, 1983, Chien met with Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs <a href="Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Paul Wolfowitz</a> on Secretary <a href="George_Shultz" title="George Shultz">George Shultz</a>'s forthcoming trip to the mainland. Wolfowitz briefed Chien again on February 16 after the Secretary's visit.

On February 18, only a month and a half after assuming his post, at the introduction of Senator <a href="James_A._McClure" class="mw-redirect" title="James A. McClure">James A. McClure</a>, Chien met with President Ronald Reagan at a <a href="Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">Conservative Political Action Conference</a> reception.

On May 19, at the AIT Washington headquarters located in <a href="Arlington_County%2C_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>, Chien met with <a href="National_Security_Advisor_(United_States)" title="National Security Advisor (United States)">National Security Advisor</a> <a href="William_P._Clark_Jr." title="William P. Clark Jr.">William P. Clark Jr.</a>, National Security Council's <a href="Gaston_J._Sigur_Jr." title="Gaston J. Sigur Jr.">Gaston J. Sigur Jr.</a>, and AIT's David Dean. Chien said that arms sales are essential to the confidence of Taiwan's public. Chien also referenced that Taiwan is willing to help the US assist the economic developments in the <a href="Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> region and that joint projects with American funds would be undertaken by Taiwanese personnel and technical teams.<a href="#cite_note-Clark_Files-34">[34]</a>

On December 1, Mr. and Mrs. Chien were invited by Vice President <a href="George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> for a welcome dinner at the <a href="Alibi_Club" title="Alibi Club">Alibi Club</a>, where they discussed their studies at Yale University, bilateral relations between the ROC and US, and the effects of high-level visits between the US and mainland China on Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-David_Dean_Book-31">[31]</a>

Prior to President Regan's April 1984 visit to the mainland, Chien worked with <a href="White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> <a href="James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a>, NSC's Sigur, and State Department's Wolfowitz to prevent US concessions to China on issues related to Taiwan.<a href="#cite_note-David_Dean_Book-31">[31]</a>

After the death of the <a href="Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> statesman <a href="Wellington_Koo" title="Wellington Koo">Wellington Koo</a> at the age of 97, Chien delivered a eulogy for the former <a href="Chinese_Ambassador_to_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Ambassador to the United States">Chinese Ambassador to the United States</a> on November 19, 1985, at Manhattan's <a href="Frank_E._Campbell_Funeral_Chapel" title="Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel">Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Koo_1-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koo_2-36">[36]</a>

During his tenure, Chien delivered a total of 224 speeches.<a href="#cite_note-224_Speeches-37">[37]</a> Chien spoke at the state legislatures of <a href="Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature">Arizona</a>, <a href="Pennsylvania_General_Assembly" title="Pennsylvania General Assembly">Pennsylvania</a>, and <a href="West_Virginia_Legislature" title="West Virginia Legislature">West Virginia</a>, the <a href="US_Conference_of_Mayors" class="mw-redirect" title="US Conference of Mayors">US Conference of Mayors</a>, and think tanks such as but not limited to the <a href="Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>, <a href="Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>, and the <a href="World_Affairs_Councils_of_America" title="World Affairs Councils of America">World Affairs Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-World_Affairs_Council_of_Hampton_Roads-38">[38]</a> He also toured prestigious universities and gave speeches at <a href="Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale</a>, <a href="Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell</a>, <a href="University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">Michigan</a>, and <a href="Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown</a>. In an October 1986 speech at <a href="Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> titled "The Taiwan Experience Progress – Toward Democracy," Chien spoke about Taiwan's model of development, the processes involved in the success of Taiwan's economic growth, and the benefits of land reform.<a href="#cite_note-1986_Harvard_Speech-39">[39]</a>

In a 1988 interview with the <a href="Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>'s <a href="James_Mann_(writer)" title="James Mann (writer)">James Mann</a>, Chien said that he personally met with all 100 members of the <a href="United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> and met with approximately 230 members of the <a href="United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. In the same interview, he also added that "[a]ll the meetings (with executive-branch officials) have to be on neutral ground, such as restaurants, hotels and what-not," and "[i]n terms of frequency, it's much more frequent now than before 1979."<a href="#cite_note-Meetings-40">[40]</a> Mann went on to say that "Fredrick Chien may not be an Ambassador, but his understanding of how Washington operated and his influence probably exceeded 98% of all ambassadors in Washington."

When Chien was scheduled to leave his post in 1988, over 50 congressmen and senators gave farewell speeches on the floor and paid tribute to Chien's work as the ROC representative.<a href="#cite_note-Lung-chu_Chen_Book-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-CCNAA_Departure-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-1988_Congressional_Record_Senate-42">[42]</a> An honor seldom enjoyed even by departing foreign ambassadors. His farewell reception on August 8 at the <a href="Hyatt" title="Hyatt">Hyatt Regency</a> Washington on Capitol Hill was attended by more than 3200 guests from all three branches of government, including but not limited to <a href="Under_Secretary_of_State_for_Political_Affairs" title="Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs">Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs</a> <a href="Michael_Armacost" title="Michael Armacost">Michael Armacost</a>, <a href="United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> <a href="Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Edwin Meese</a>, <a href="United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> <a href="William_Verity_Jr." title="William Verity Jr.">William Verity Jr.</a>, <a href="United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a> <a href="Richard_Edmund_Lyng" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Edmund Lyng">Richard Lyng</a>, 17 senators, 48 members of congress, and an associate justice of the <a href="Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_Oaks_restoration">Twin Oaks restoration</h3></div>

When Chien arrived in Washington, D.C., in 1983, <a href="Twin_Oaks_(Washington%2C_D.C.)" title="Twin Oaks (Washington, D.C.)">Twin Oaks</a>, ROC ambassador's former residence, required extensive repairs upon the transfer of the property back to the ROC Government from the Friends of Free China Association a few months prior.<a href="#cite_note-Twin_Oaks_1-43">[43]</a> Chien and his wife supervised the repair and restoration of the 26-room English Georgian Renaissance-style mansion.<a href="#cite_note-Twin_Oaks_2-44">[44]</a> The Chiens sourced <a href="Chinese_calligraphy" title="Chinese calligraphy">Chinese calligraphy</a> and paintings through the Director of the <a href="National_Palace_Museum" title="National Palace Museum">National Palace Museum</a> and furniture from the <a href="Veterans_Affairs_Council" title="Veterans Affairs Council">Veterans Affairs Council</a>'s associated businesses. Upon its completion, while the mission was no longer the representative's residence, it was used for cultural, economic, and social purposes.<a href="#cite_note-Twin_Oaks_3-45">[45]</a> After being closed for two thousand plus days and a nine-months restoration, which cost US$500,000, Twin Oaks reopened on September 13, 1984, and held its first social event for <a href="Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> on the following day.<a href="#cite_note-Twin_Oaks_4-46">[46]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_office_building">New office building</h3></div>

Early in Chien's tenure as the ROC Representative, he purchased the land of the current office building of <a href="Taipei_Economic_and_Cultural_Representative_Office_in_the_United_States" title="Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States">Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in the United States</a> (TECRO), back then known as CCNAA Office in the United States, on <a href="Wisconsin_Avenue" title="Wisconsin Avenue">Wisconsin Avenue</a> in <a href="Northwest%2C_Washington%2C_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest, Washington, D.C.">Northwest, Washington, D.C.</a> The original office building was located on the outskirts of Washington, D.C., on <a href="Maryland_Route_190" title="Maryland Route 190">River Road</a> in <a href="Bethesda%2C_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Treaties-47">[47]</a> The new 5-story building broke ground in January 1985 and was completed on November 25 of the following year.<a href="#cite_note-TECRO_Building_LTN-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-TECRO_Building_MOFA-49">[49]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chairman_of_the_Council_for_Economic_Planning_and_Development">Chairman of the Council for Economic Planning and Development</h2></div>

Following the death of President Chiang Ching-kuo in 1988, Chien was recalled to Taipei and appointed by President <a href="Lee_Teng-hui" title="Lee Teng-hui">Lee Teng-hui</a> as the <a href="Council_for_Economic_Planning_and_Development#Ministers" title="Council for Economic Planning and Development">Chairman</a> of the <a href="Council_for_Economic_Planning_and_Development" title="Council for Economic Planning and Development">Council for Economic Planning and Development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CEPD_Appointment-50">[50]</a> During his tenure, he served concurrently as a <a href="Minister_without_Portfolio" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister without Portfolio">Minister without Portfolio</a> of the <a href="Executive_Yuan" title="Executive Yuan">Executive Yuan</a>, also known as Minister of State. In 1988, Chien was elected as a member of the <a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> Central Standing Committee at the <a href="13th_National_Congress_of_Kuomintang" class="mw-redirect" title="13th National Congress of Kuomintang">13th National Congress</a> serving in the role until 1998.

<a href="Shirley_Kuo" title="Shirley Kuo">Shirley Kuo</a>, the <a href="Ministry_of_Finance_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Finance (Taiwan)">Minister of Finance</a> and Taiwan's first female cabinet minister, was selected as Chein's replacement as Chairperson of the Council for Economic Planning and Development.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs">Minister of Foreign Affairs</h2></div>

On June 1, 1990, as part of the new <a href="Hau_Pei-tsun" title="Hau Pei-tsun">Hau Pei-tsun</a> cabinet, Chien was appointed the Minister of <a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">Foreign Affairs</a> replacing <a href="Lien_Chan" title="Lien Chan">Lien Chan</a>. During his tenure as Foreign Minister, he also served a member of the <a href="Veterans_Affairs_Council" title="Veterans Affairs Council">Veterans Affairs Council</a>, <a href="Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a>, and <a href="Ministry_of_Culture_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Culture (Taiwan)">Council for Cultural Affairs</a>.

<a href="Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> became the first diplomatic ally to cease ties with the ROC during Chien's tenure, and it established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic in July 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Saudi-51">[51]</a>

In January 1991, Mr. and Mrs. Chien traveled to Africa to meet with <a href="South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>'s <a href="F._W._de_Klerk" title="F. W. de Klerk">F. W. de Klerk</a> and <a href="Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a>'s <a href="Mswati_III" title="Mswati III">Mswati III</a>. The Chiens were accompanied by Section Chief <a href="David_Lin" title="David Lin">David Lin</a>, who would, later on, become the Minister of Foreign Affairs under President <a href="Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a>'s administration.<a href="#cite_note-1991_Jan_Trip-52">[52]</a> During a meeting with President de Klerk on January 22, the South African leader assured that his government cherished the special relationship with the ROC and that there was no hidden agenda to develop relations with the mainland.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> During the visit, Chien and South Africa's <a href="Minister_of_Finance_(South_Africa)" title="Minister of Finance (South Africa)">Minister of Finance</a> <a href="Barend_du_Plessis" title="Barend du Plessis">Barend du Plessis</a> signed an agreement for the ROC to provide South Africa's Industrial Development Corporation with a $60 million low-interest loan.<a href="#cite_note-SA_Loan-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tseng_Thesis-55">[55]</a>

Speaking at the International Conference on the Republic of China and the New International Order on August 21, 1991, Chien said that his country stands beside the freedom-loving nations of the world and is "willing to seize every opportunity to fulfill (her) destiny in a transformed international context."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> He added that the three prongs of "pragmatic diplomacy" are to consolidate and strengthen existing diplomatic ties, develop and upgrade substantive ties with countries without diplomatic relations, and to participate or resume participation in international organizations and activities according to a more flexible formula.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a>

In a December 1991 essay published in <a href="Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, Chien shared Taiwan's model of "pragmatic diplomacy" and also stated that "Taiwan's experience shows that the Chinese people, like any other people, are fully capable of practicing democracy, promoting rapid economic growth ... and living peacefully with their neighbors." Chien also cited Taiwan's growing status in the international community, with its growing economic strength, rapid democratization, and flexible diplomacy.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a>

On June 29, 1992, Chien announced that the ROC resumed diplomatic relations with the African nation of <a href="Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, without asking the Niger government to sever ties with the mainland. Soon afterward, the mainland broke off diplomatic ties with Niger.<a href="#cite_note-Niger-59">[59]</a>

During a July interview with political scientist Dennis V. Hickey, when asked about the issue of representation, Chien stressed that "we still adhere to the position of one China and that Taiwan is a part of (the Republic of) China."<a href="#cite_note-Hickey_Book1-60">[60]</a>

When the <a href="Republic_of_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Korea">Republic of Korea</a>, the last Asian country with formal diplomatic relations with ROC, decided to transfer <a href="Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">diplomatic recognition</a> to the PRC in August, as foreign minister, Chien criticized"[t]he Government of <a href="Roh_Tae-woo" title="Roh Tae-woo">Roh Tae-woo</a> has violated the trust and trampled on international justice."<a href="#cite_note-ROCROK-61">[61]</a>

Chien and his wife Julie made a visit to Singapore in November 1992 despite Singapore's official diplomatic relationship with Beijing.<a href="#cite_note-Singapore1-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Singapore2-63">[63]</a>

Chien cited in the 1992 year-end press conference that while the ROC formally applied for accession to the GATT (under the name of <a href="Chinese_Taipei#Separate_Customs_Territory_of_Taiwan,_Penghu,_Kinmen,_and_Matsu" title="Chinese Taipei">Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu</a>), "the biggest challenge for us...would be re-entry to the United Nations."<a href="#cite_note-Lasater_Book-64">[64]</a>

Chien made a "private visit" to Japan as the ROC foreign minister in February 1993, marking the first ministerial visit to Japan since 1972 when the two nations broke its relations.<a href="#cite_note-1993JPN1-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-1993JPN2-66">[66]</a>

On April 21, two weeks after President Lee's announcement at the <a href="Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a>, Chien announced that the ROC would formally apply to rejoin the UN by September 1995, the first time the ROC government published a timeframe on its bid to rejoin the UN.<a href="#cite_note-UN_Bid-67">[67]</a>

On July 4, speaking on television, Chien called for the people of Taiwan to "tell their foreign friends that it is unfair and wrong for the international community to refuse to accept 20.8 million people who want to join the United Nations." Weeks later, on July 29, at the ROC-Central American Joint Cooperative Committee Conference, in <a href="San_Jos%C3%A9%2C_Costa_Rica" title="San José, Costa Rica">San José, Costa Rica</a>, Chien called upon the attendees' nations to speak in favor of the ROC membership in the UN during the UN General Assembly.<a href="#cite_note-1994_Congress_Hearing-68">[68]</a>

At a speech sponsored by the Friends of the <a href="East-West_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="East-West Center">East-West Center</a> on August 6, Chien said that close economic, commercial, and technological cooperation is key to avoiding confrontation. He also emphasized that the ROC intends to "be a partner for peace, progress and prosperity in what we hope will be a more enlightened era ahead."<a href="#cite_note-East-West_Center_Newsletter-69">[69]</a>

Commenting on the ROC's participation in the UN in January 1994 interview, Chien said: "Ever since we declared our intention to participate in the UN, (Beijing) has become even more adamant in its attempts to downgrade our (ROC) status and evade reality."<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a>

Chien and President Lee attended <a href="Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>'s inauguration on May 10, 1994, after South Africa's historic all-race <a href="1994_South_African_general_election" title="1994 South African general election">election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mandela-71">[71]</a>

On January 3, 1996, the ROC and <a href="Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> re-established diplomatic relations, bringing the number of countries that recognizes the ROC to 31. At the joint communique signing ceremony with Foreign Minister <a href="Moustapha_Niasse" title="Moustapha Niasse">Moustapha Niasse</a>, Chien noted that the "establishment of diplomatic ties marks a significant development in our pursuit of pragmatic diplomacy."<a href="#cite_note-Senegal-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tseng_Thesis-55">[55]</a>

Later on towards his term as foreign minister, it was reported that Chien had quarrels with President Lee over the key elements of pragmatic diplomacy, leading Lee to shift more decision making directly to the <a href="Office_of_the_President_(Taiwan)" title="Office of the President (Taiwan)">Office of the President</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hickey_Book2-73">[73]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly">Speaker of the National Assembly</h2></div>

Chien was elected Speaker on July 8, 1996, four days after the 3rd <a href="National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">National Assembly</a> (NA) began. Chien, a member of the KMT, was selected with the support of the <a href="New_Party_(Taiwan)" title="New Party (Taiwan)">New Party</a>, the third-largest party in the NA, as the KMT only held a slim majority in the Assembly. Hsieh Lung-sheng was elected as deputy speaker.<a href="#cite_note-NA_Speaker_Election-74">[74]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="President_of_the_Control_Yuan">President of the Control Yuan</h2></div>

On December 3, 1998, President Lee Teng-hui announced his intention to nominate Chien to replace <a href="Wang_Tso-jung" title="Wang Tso-jung">Wang Tso-jung</a> as the President of the <a href="Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">Control Yuan</a>. Lee sent the formal nomination over to the National Assembly for confirmation on December 5.<a href="#cite_note-CY_Nomination-75">[75]</a> The confirmation introductions and hearings took place between December 16 and 22, and the review process by Assembly members took place between December 23 and January 12 of the following year. On January 13, 1999, the National Assembly confirmed Chien as President of the Control Yuan.<a href="#cite_note-CY_Confirmation-76">[76]</a> Chien was sworn in on February 1 for a six-year term.

In 2001, after the <a href="September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>, Chien was asked by President <a href="Chen_Shui-bian" title="Chen Shui-bian">Chen Shui-bian</a> to visit <a href="New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> on behalf of the ROC government and to present a $1 million check for the people of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Brookings_Speech-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-9-11-77">[77]</a>

In June 2004, President Chen appointed Chien as a special envoy to attend the <a href="Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan">state funeral</a> of former US President <a href="Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-Regan_Funeral-78">[78]</a>

On July 6, 2004, President Chen Shui-bian appointed Chien as the Chair of the <a href="3-19_shooting_incident" class="mw-redirect" title="3-19 shooting incident">319 Shooting</a> Truth Investigation Special Committee.<a href="#cite_note-FourPrinces-79">[79]</a>

After more than four decades of career in public service, Chien concluded his six-year term on January 31, 2005, and returned to private life.

On March 9, 2005, Chien received the <a href="Order_of_Chiang_Chung-Cheng" title="Order of Chiang Chung-Cheng">Order of Chiang Chung-Cheng</a> from President Chen Shui-bian for his service as the President of the Control Yuan. In his remarks, he stated the importance of an independent Control Yuan and its position in the <a href="Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">Constitution of the Republic of China</a>.

Following his tenure, the candidate nominated by President Chen Shui-bian was not confirmed by the <a href="Legislative_Yuan" title="Legislative Yuan">Legislative Yuan</a> controlled by the <a href="Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a>; thus, the Control Yuan was idle until the confirmation of <a href="Wang_Chien-shien" title="Wang Chien-shien">Wang Chien-shien</a> 2008 under the new <a href="Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> administration.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post_political_career">Post political career</h2></div>

Since his retirement in 2005, Chien has served as the Chairperson of the Cathay Charity Foundation and a senior advisor of the <a href="Cathay_United_Bank" title="Cathay United Bank">Cathay United Bank</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cathay_Charity_Foundation-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cathay_United_Bank-81">[81]</a> Chien previously sat on the bank's board of directors.<a href="#cite_note-NTU_News-2">[2]</a> Since 2011, Chien succeeded <a href="Lee_Huan" title="Lee Huan">Lee Huan</a> as the Chairman of the Pacific Cultural Foundation. Chien also serves along with <a href="Morris_Chang" title="Morris Chang">Morris Chang</a> and <a href="Lien_Chan" title="Lien Chan">Lien Chan</a> as a board member for the <a href="Chiang_Ching-kuo_Foundation" title="Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation">Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange</a>. The private nonprofit organization provides support for research grants on Chinese studies in the humanities and social sciences at overseas institutions.<a href="#cite_note-CCKF-82">[82]</a> Chien was elected chairman of the foundation in 2019.

Chien is a Distinguished Chair Professor at <a href="Chung_Hua_University" title="Chung Hua University">Chung Hua University</a>, a private university <a href="Hsinchu_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsinchu City">Hsinchu City</a>, Taiwan, and the Honorary Dean of the university's Chung Hua College.<a href="#cite_note-Chung_Hua_University-83">[83]</a>

Chien, along with <a href="Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer Inc.</a>'s <a href="Stan_Shih" title="Stan Shih">Stan Shih</a> and others, were promoters of <a href="Dharma_Drum_Mountain" title="Dharma Drum Mountain">Dharma Drum Mountain</a> and Ven. Master <a href="Sheng-yen" title="Sheng-yen">Sheng-yen</a>'s New Six Ethics Campaign for Social Harmony and Peace.<a href="#cite_note-DDM-84">[84]</a>

In 2010, Chien was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award by <a href="National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Distinguished_Alumni-85">[85]</a>

On March 24, 2015, Chien accompanied President <a href="Ma_Ying-jeou" title="Ma Ying-jeou">Ma Ying-jeou</a> to Singapore to pay last respects to Singapore's founding father, <a href="Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Lee Kuan Yew">Lee Kuan Yew</a>, at the <a href="Death_and_state_funeral_of_Lee_Kuan_Yew" title="Death and state funeral of Lee Kuan Yew">private wake</a> at <a href="Sri_Temasek" title="Sri Temasek">Sri Temasek</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Lee_Kuan_Yew's_private_wake-86">[86]</a>

On May 12, 2020, Chien's new memoir presentation ceremony was attended by former Vice President Vincent Siew, former President of the Legislative Yuan <a href="Wang_Jin-pyng" title="Wang Jin-pyng">Wang Jin-pyng</a>, former Governor of the <a href="Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)" title="Central Bank of the Republic of China (Taiwan)">Central Bank</a> <a href="Perng_Fai-nan" title="Perng Fai-nan">Perng Fai-nan</a>, <a href="Foxconn" title="Foxconn">Foxconn</a> founder <a href="Terry_Gou" title="Terry Gou">Terry Gou</a>, in addition to three former Ministers of Foreign Affairs, <a href="Chen_Chien-jen_(born_1939)" title="Chen Chien-jen (born 1939)">Chen Chien-jen</a>, <a href="Francisco_Ou" title="Francisco Ou">Francisco Ou</a>, and <a href="Timothy_Yang" title="Timothy Yang">Timothy Yang</a>. His wife, Julie, children Carl and Carol, and grandchildren were also present. At the event, Siew, who once worked under Chien as his deputy at the Council for Economic Planning and Development, credited Chien as a very successful and an excellent diplomat. Chien mentioned that the pragmatic diplomacy practiced during his time as the foreign minister did not equate to "money diplomacy." He also spoke about how he turned down President Lee Teng-hui's offer to form a cabinet as he believed that being premier was an impossible mission.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boao_Forum_for_Asia">Boao Forum for Asia</h3></div>

Chien, in his capacity as the senior advisor of the <a href="Cross-Straits_Common_Market_Foundation" title="Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation">Cross-Straits Common Market Foundation</a>, attended and led multiple delegations to the <a href="Boao_Forum_for_Asia" title="Boao Forum for Asia">Boao Forum for Asia</a> in Hainan. From 2009 to 2011, Chien met with <a href="Premier_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of the People's Republic of China">Chinese Premier</a> <a href="Wen_Jiabao" title="Wen Jiabao">Wen Jiabao</a>, known to the media as the "Chien-Wen Meetings."<a href="#cite_note-Boao1-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boao2-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boao3-89">[89]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_personal_life">Family and personal life</h2></div>

Chien is married to <a href="Julie_Tien" title="Julie Tien">Julie Tien</a>, with whom he has a son and a daughter, Carl and Carol. <a href="Carl_Chien" title="Carl Chien">Carl Chien</a> received an MBA from <a href="Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a> and now serves as the Vice-chairman Asia Pacific and Senior Country Officer Taiwan for <a href="JPMorgan" class="mw-redirect" title="JPMorgan">JPMorgan</a>. Carl married Virginia (Ginny) Hu, with sons Justin, Darren, and Fred Jr., and daughter Christen. Carol married David Sun, with daughters Alex, Katherine, and son William.<a href="#cite_note-Chien_Family-90">[90]</a>

Chien is the youngest of the three siblings, the others being Robert and Shu. Chien's eldest brother, <a href="Robert_Chien" title="Robert Chien">Robert Chien</a>, was an economist and government official who served as the <a href="Ministry_of_Finance_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Finance (Taiwan)">Minister of Finance</a>, and the <a href="List_of_Secretaries-General_of_the_Executive_Yuan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Secretaries-General of the Executive Yuan">Secretary-General of the Executive Yuan</a>. Chein's second brother, <a href="Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a>, is a <a href="Physiology" title="Physiology">physiologist</a> and <a href="Bioengineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioengineering">bioengineer</a>, a recipient of the <a href="National_Medal_of_Science" title="National Medal of Science">National Medal of Science</a>, and a professor at the <a href="University_of_California%2C_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>.

Chien is known as one of the "four princes of Taiwan" along with <a href="Lien_Chan" title="Lien Chan">Lien Chan</a>, <a href="Chen_Li-an" title="Chen Li-an">Chen Li-an</a>, and <a href="Shen_Chun-shan" title="Shen Chun-shan">Shen Chun-shan</a>, all of whose fathers attained prominence in politics prior to their sons' successes.<a href="#cite_note-FourPrinces-79">[79]</a>

Chien is a member of the American University Club in Taipei and an honorary member of the <a href="Club_of_Rome" title="Club of Rome">Club of Rome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-American_University_Club-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Club_of_Rome-92">[92]</a>

Chien speaks <a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin</a>, <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>, and <a href="Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Cantonese-93">[93]</a> He also enjoys playing <a href="Golf" title="Golf">golf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYT_1986-94">[94]</a>

Chien once said that he is always serious in his attitude to life, study, work, and self-improvement.<a href="#cite_note-Chien_Taiwan_Panorama-13">[13]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_honours">National honours</h3></div>

<ul><li> Republic of China: <a href="Order_of_Brilliant_Star" title="Order of Brilliant Star">Order of Brilliant Star</a> with Grand Cordon (1975)</li>

<li> Republic of China: <a href="Order_of_Propitious_Clouds" title="Order of Propitious Clouds">Order of Propitious Clouds</a> with Special Grand Cordon (2000)<a href="#cite_note-Order_of_Propitious_Clouds-95">[95]</a></li>

<li> Republic of China: <a href="Order_of_Chiang_Chung-Cheng" title="Order of Chiang Chung-Cheng">Order of Chiang Chung-Cheng</a> (2005)<a href="#cite_note-Order_of_Chiang_Chung-Cheng-96">[96]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h3></div>

<ul><li> South Korea: <a href="Order_of_Diplomatic_Service_Merit" title="Order of Diplomatic Service Merit">Order of Diplomatic Service Merit</a> (1972)</li>

<li> South Vietnam: Sac-Lenh of the <a href="Kim_Khanh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Khanh">Order of Kim Khanh</a> (1973)</li>

<li> Paraguay: Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit (1975)</li>

<li> Dominican Republic: Grand Officer of the <a href="Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Mella" title="Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella">Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella</a> (1975)</li>

<li> Dominican Republic: Grand Cross with Silver Breast Star of the <a href="Order_of_Merit_of_Duarte%2C_S%C3%A1nchez_and_Mella" title="Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella">Order of Merit of Duarte, Sánchez and Mella</a> (1975)</li>

<li> Honduras: Grand Cross with Silver Star of the <a href="Jos%C3%A9_Cecilio_del_Valle" title="José Cecilio del Valle">José Cecilio del Valle</a> Order (1979)</li>

<li> El Salvador: Grand Cross with Silver Star of the <a href="Order_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mat%C3%ADas_Delgado" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of José Matías Delgado">Order of José Matías Delgado</a> (1979)</li>

<li> Haiti: Grand Officer of the <a href="National_Order_of_Honour_and_Merit" title="National Order of Honour and Merit">National Order of Honour and Merit</a> (1979)</li>

<li> South Africa: Grand Cross of the <a href="Order_of_Good_Hope" title="Order of Good Hope">Order of Good Hope</a> (1979)</li>

<li> Panama: <a href="Order_of_Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Order of Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a> (1980)</li>

<li> Dominican Republic: Grand Cross with Silver Breast Star of the <a href="Order_of_Christopher_Columbus" title="Order of Christopher Columbus">Order of Christopher Columbus</a> (1982)</li>

<li> Paraguay: Extraordinary Grand Cross of the Order of National Merit (1975)</li>

<li> Swaziland: Chief Counsellor of the Royal Order of the King <a href="Sobhuza_II" title="Sobhuza II">Sobhuza II</a> (1991)</li>

<li> Honduras: Grand Cross with Silver Star of the Order of Francisco Morazán (1991)</li>

<li> Central African Republic: Grand Officer of the <a href="Order_of_Central_African_Merit" title="Order of Central African Merit">Order of Central African Merit</a> (1992)</li>

<li> Guatemala: Grand Cross of the <a href="Order_of_the_Quetzal" title="Order of the Quetzal">Order of the Quetzal</a> (1992)</li>

<li> Guatemala: Grand Cross of the <a href="Order_of_Antonio_Jos%C3%A9_de_Irisarri" title="Order of Antonio José de Irisarri">Order of Antonio José de Irisarri</a> (1992)</li>

<li> Nicaragua: Grand Cross of the Order of <a href="Jos%C3%A9_Dolores_Estrada" title="José Dolores Estrada">José Dolores Estrada</a> <a href="Battle_of_San_Jacinto_(1856)" title="Battle of San Jacinto (1856)">Battle of San Jacinto</a> (1993)</li>

<li> Costa Rica: Grand Silver Cross of the National Order of <a href="Juan_Mora_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan Mora Fernández">Juan Mora Fernández</a> (1993)<a href="#cite_note-National_Order_of_Juan_Mora_Fernández-97">[97]</a></li>

<li> Niger: Grand Officer of the National Order of Niger (1994)</li>

<li> Burkina Faso: Officer of the National Order of Burkina Faso (1994)</li>

<li> Panama: Grand Cross of the <a href="Order_of_Manuel_Amador_Guerrero" title="Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero">Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero</a> (1994)</li>

<li> Guinea Bissau: National Order of Merit of Co-operation and Development (1995)</li>

<li> Guatemala: Grand Cross of the Order of the National Sovereign Congress (1995)<a href="#cite_note-Order_of_the_National_Sovereign_Congress-98">[98]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_degrees">Honorary degrees</h3></div>

<ul><li> South Korea: Honorary <a href="Doctor_of_Laws" title="Doctor of Laws">LL.D.</a> degree, <a href="Sung_Kyun_Kwan_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Sung Kyun Kwan University">Sung Kyun Kwan University</a> (1972)<a href="#cite_note-ROC_Yearbook-16">[16]</a></li>

<li>Honorary <a href="Doctor_of_Laws" title="Doctor of Laws">LL.D.</a> degree, American University in the Caribbean (1988)</li>

<li> United States: Honorary <a href="Doctor_of_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of Literature">D.Lit.</a> degree, <a href="Wilson_College_(Pennsylvania)" title="Wilson College (Pennsylvania)">Wilson College</a> (1993)</li>

<li> United States: Honorary Dr. of Public Service, <a href="Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a> (1994)<a href="#cite_note-FIU_Honorary_Degree-99">[99]</a></li>

<li> United States: Honorary <a href="Doctor_of_Laws" title="Doctor of Laws">LL.D.</a> degree, <a href="Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a> (1997)</li>

<li> United States: Honorary <a href="Doctor_of_Laws" title="Doctor of Laws">LL.D.</a> degree, <a href="Idaho_State_University" title="Idaho State University">Idaho State University</a> (1997)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3></div>

<ul><li>1st Annual Ten Outstanding Young Persons Award of the Republic of China (1963)<a href="#cite_note-Ten_Outstanding_Young_Persons_Award-100">[100]</a></li>

<li>5th Annual <a href="National_Taiwan_University" title="National Taiwan University">National Taiwan University</a> Distinguished Alumni Award (2010)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFChien1967" class="citation cs2">Chien, Fredrick Foo (1967), The opening of Korea; A Study of Chinese Diplomacy, 1876-1885, Connecticut: Shoestring Press, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/953610">953610</a></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChien1975" class="citation cs2">Chien, Fredrick Foo (1975), Speaking As a Friend, Taipei: Government Information Office, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/7507165">7507165</a></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChien1976" class="citation cs2">Chien, Fredrick Foo (1976), More Views of A Friend, Taipei: Government Information Office, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961588577">961588577</a></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChien1988" class="citation cs2">Chien, Fredrick Foo (1988), Faith and Resilience: The Republic of China Forges Ahead, Kwang Hwa Publishing U.S.A. Inc.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFChien1995" class="citation cs2">Chien, Fredrick Foo (1995), Opportunity and Challenge, Tempe: Arizona Historical Foundation, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/607811502">607811502</a></cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREF錢復2005" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">錢復 (2005), <bdi lang="zh">錢復回憶錄</bdi> [The Memoirs of Fredrick Chien] (in Chinese (Taiwan)), 天下遠見出版股份有限公司, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-986-417-416-4</bdi>, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/58650808">58650808</a></cite>. In two volumes (<a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9789864174171</bdi>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-986-417-418-8</bdi>).</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREF錢復2020" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">錢復 (2020), <bdi lang="zh">錢復回憶錄・卷三 1988-2005台灣政經變革的關鍵現場</bdi> [The Memoirs of Fredrick Chien] (in Chinese (Taiwan)), 天下遠見出版股份有限公司, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-986-479-995-4</bdi></cite>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFChien1996" class="citation cs2">Chien, Fredrick Foo (1996), "Pragmatic Diplomat: The Principles of Taiwanese Foreign Policy", Harvard International Review, 19 (1), <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0739-1854">0739-1854</a>, <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/91933623">91933623</a></cite></li></ul>

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<ul><li><a href="Politics_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Republic of China">Politics of the Republic of China</a></li>

<li><a href="Foreign_relations_of_Taiwan" title="Foreign relations of Taiwan">Foreign relations of Taiwan</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Taiwan–United States relations">Taiwan–United States relations</a></li>

<li><a href="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">List of ministers of foreign affairs (Republic of China)</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Control Yuan">List of presidents of the Control Yuan</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-American_University_Club-91"><a href="#cite_ref-American_University_Club_91-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taiwantoday.tw/news.php?unit=12&post=22837&unitname=Society-Taiwan-Review&postname=Culture%2C-science-and-education">"Culture, science and education"</a>. Taiwan Today. April 1979. Retrieved 30 May 2020.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-NYT_1986-94"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1986_94-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHershey_Jr.1986" class="citation cs2">Hershey Jr., Robert (1986-07-16), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/16/us/working-profile-fredrick-f-chien-persuading-america-not-to-hate-taiwan.html">"Working Profile: Fredrick F. Chien; Persuading America Not to Hate Taiwan"</a>, New York Times, retrieved 27 May 2020</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-Ten_Outstanding_Young_Persons_Award-100"><a href="#cite_ref-Ten_Outstanding_Young_Persons_Award_100-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persons.org.tw/v/111">"台灣有什麼新國力？錢復說了答案-2017年新住民二代培力國際研討會"</a>. Ten Outstanding Young Persons Foundation (in Chinese). Retrieved 25 May 2020.</cite>

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</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clubofrome.org/member/chien-fredrick-f/">Club of Rome Biography of Honorary Member Fredrick F. Chien</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cckf.org/en/about/structure/directors">Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation Board of Directors</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n89667508.html">Fredrick Chien's file</a> at <a href="Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lib.chu.edu.tw/m/412-1087-5865.php?Lang=zh-tw">Fredrick Chien collections</a> at <a href="Chung_Hua_University" title="Chung Hua University">Chung Hua University</a> (Chinese)</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Fredrick_Chien608" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Control Yuan">7th</a> <a href="Control_Yuan" title="Control Yuan">President of the Control Yuan</a> (1999–2005)</li>

<li><a href="National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)#Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_(1996–2000)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">1st</a> <a href="National_Assembly_(Republic_of_China)" title="National Assembly (Republic of China)">Speaker of the National Assembly</a> (1996–1999)</li>

<li><a href="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">11th</a> <a href="Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> (1990–1996)</li>

<li>Born March 21, 1935</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="1996_Taiwanese_National_Assembly_election" title="1996 Taiwanese National Assembly election">1996 Taiwanese National Assembly election</a></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Julie_Tien" title="Julie Tien">Julie Tien</a> (wife)</li>

<li><a href="Carl_Chien" title="Carl Chien">Carl Chien</a> (son)</li>

<li>Carol Chien (daughter)</li>

<li><a href="Chien_Shih-Liang" title="Chien Shih-Liang">Chien Shih-Liang</a> (father)</li>

<li>Chang Wan-tu (mother)</li>

<li><a href="Robert_Chien" title="Robert Chien">Robert Chien</a> (brother)</li>

<li><a href="Shu_Chien" title="Shu Chien">Shu Chien</a> (brother)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;22px_Presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan_of_the_Republic_of_China520" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="border&#124;22px_Presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan_of_the_Republic_of_China520" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="List_of_presidents_of_the_Control_Yuan" title="List of presidents of the Control Yuan">Presidents of the Control Yuan of the Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1928—1948 (<a href="Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nationalist government</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1948—1993 (<a href="Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Constitution of the Republic of China">original Constitution</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Lee_Shih-tsung" title="Lee Shih-tsung">Lee Shih-tsung</a></li>

<li>Chang Wei-han*</li>

<li><a href="Yu_Chun-hsien" title="Yu Chun-hsien">Yu Chun-hsien</a></li>

<li>Huang Tsun-chiu</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1993—present (<a href="Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">amended Constitution</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li>Cheng Shuei-chih*</li>

<li><a href="Wang_Chien-shien" title="Wang Chien-shien">Wang Chien-shien</a></li>

<li><a href="Chang_Po-ya" title="Chang Po-ya">Chang Po-ya</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>"*" indicates acting </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="border&#124;22px→border&#124;22px→_border&#124;22px_Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Republic_of_China656" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="border&#124;22px→border&#124;22px→_border&#124;22px_Ministers_of_foreign_affairs_of_the_Republic_of_China656" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">→→ <a href="Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Republic_of_China)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)">Ministers of foreign affairs of the Republic of China</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Wuchang_Uprising" title="Wuchang Uprising">Republic of China Military Government</a> (1911)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_China_(1912)" title="Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)">Provisional Government in Nanjing</a> (1912)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wang_Chonghui" title="Wang Chonghui">Wang Chonghui</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Beiyang_government" title="Beiyang government">Beiyang government</a> (1912–1928)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Lu_Zhengxiang" title="Lu Zhengxiang">Lu Zhengxiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Hu_Weide" title="Hu Weide">Hu Weide</a></li>

<li>Liang Hu-hao</li>

<li>Lu Zhengxiang</li>

<li><a href="Cao_Rulin" title="Cao Rulin">Cao Rulin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sun_Baoqi" title="Sun Baoqi">Sun Baoqi</a></li>

<li>Lu Zhengxiang</li>

<li><a href="Cao_Rulin" title="Cao Rulin">Cao Rulin</a></li>

<li><a href="Tang_Shaoyi" title="Tang Shaoyi">Tang Shaoyi</a> (Appointed only)</li>

<li><a href="Chen_Jintao" title="Chen Jintao">Chen Jintao</a></li>

<li><a href="Wu_Tingfang" class="mw-redirect" title="Wu Tingfang">Wu Tingfang</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Daxie" title="Wang Daxie">Wang Daxie</a></li>

<li>Lu Zhengxiang (Appointed only)</li>

<li>Tcheng-loh</li>

<li><a href="Yan_Huiqing" title="Yan Huiqing">Yan Huiqing</a></li>

<li><a href="Wellington_Koo" title="Wellington Koo">Wellington Koo</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Zhengting" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Zhengting">Wang Zhengting</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Sao-ke_Sze" title="Alfred Sao-ke Sze">Alfred Sze</a></li>

<li><a href="Huang_Fu" title="Huang Fu">Huang Fu</a></li>

<li><a href="Wellington_Koo" title="Wellington Koo">Wellington Koo</a></li>

<li><a href="Wellington_Koo" title="Wellington Koo">Wellington Koo</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Zhengting" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Zhengting">Wang Zhengting</a></li>

<li><a href="Tang_Shaoyi" title="Tang Shaoyi">Tang Shaoyi</a> (Appointed only)</li>

<li><a href="Wang_Zhengting" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Zhengting">Wang Zhengting</a></li>

<li><a href="Yan_Huiqing" title="Yan Huiqing">Yan Huiqing</a></li>

<li><a href="Hu_Weide" title="Hu Weide">Hu Weide</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Sao-ke_Sze" title="Alfred Sao-ke Sze">Alfred Sze</a> (Appointed only)</li>

<li><a href="Yan_Huiqing" title="Yan Huiqing">Yan Huiqing</a></li>

<li><a href="Tsai_Tingkan" title="Tsai Tingkan">Tsai Tingkan</a></li>

<li><a href="Wellington_Koo" title="Wellington Koo">Wellington Koo</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Yintai" title="Wang Yintai">Wang Yintai</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Nationalist_government" title="Nationalist government">Nanjing Nationalist government</a> (1927–1949)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hu_Hanmin" title="Hu Hanmin">Hu Hanmin</a></li>

<li><a href="Eugene_Chen" title="Eugene Chen">Eugene Chen</a></li>

<li><a href="Wu_Chaoshu" title="Wu Chaoshu">Wu Chaoshu</a></li>

<li><a href="Huang_Fu" title="Huang Fu">Huang Fu</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Zhengting" class="mw-redirect" title="Wang Zhengting">Wang Zhengting</a></li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Sao-ke_Sze" title="Alfred Sao-ke Sze">Alfred Sze</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Jingwei" title="Wang Jingwei">Wang Jingwei</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Qun" title="Zhang Qun">Zhang Qun</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Chonghui" title="Wang Chonghui">Wang Chonghui</a></li>

<li><a href="Guo_Taiqi" title="Guo Taiqi">Guo Taiqi</a></li>

<li><a href="Chiang_Kai-shek" title="Chiang Kai-shek">Chiang Kai-shek</a> (Premier)</li>

<li><a href="T._V._Soong" title="T. V. Soong">T. V. Soong</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Shijie" title="Wang Shijie">Wang Shijie</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Government_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Government of the Republic of China">Government of the Republic of China</a> (1949–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wu_Tiecheng" title="Wu Tiecheng">Wu Tiecheng</a> (Vice premier)</li>

<li><a href="Fu_Bingchang" class="mw-redirect" title="Fu Bingchang">Fu Bingchang</a> (Appointed only)</li>

<li><a href="Hu_Shih" title="Hu Shih">Hu Shih</a> (Appointed only)</li>

<li><a href="George_Yeh" title="George Yeh">George Yeh</a></li>

<li><a href="Huang_Shao-ku" title="Huang Shao-ku">Huang Shao-ku</a></li>

<li><a href="Shen_Chang-huan" title="Shen Chang-huan">Shen Chang-huan</a></li>

<li><a href="Shen_Chang-huan" title="Shen Chang-huan">Shen Chang-huan</a></li>

<li>Chiang Yen-si</li>

<li><a href="Chu_Fusung" class="mw-redirect" title="Chu Fusung">Chu Fusung</a></li>

<li><a href="Chiang_Hsiao-yen" title="Chiang Hsiao-yen">Chiang Hsiao-yen</a></li>

<li><a href="Jason_Hu" title="Jason Hu">Jason Hu</a></li>

<li><a href="Chen_Chien-jen_(born_1939)" title="Chen Chien-jen (born 1939)">Chen Chien-jen</a></li>

<li><a href="Eugene_Chien" title="Eugene Chien">Eugene Chien</a></li>

<li><a href="James_C._F._Huang" title="James C. F. Huang">James Huang</a></li>

<li><a href="Francisco_Ou" title="Francisco Ou">Francisco Ou</a></li>

<li><a href="Timothy_Yang" title="Timothy Yang">Timothy Yang</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Lin" title="David Lin">David Lin</a></li>

<li><a href="David_Lee_(Taiwanese_politician)" title="David Lee (Taiwanese politician)">David Lee</a></li>

<li><a href="Joseph_Wu" title="Joseph Wu">Joseph Wu</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicates acting minister </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ambassador_of_China_to_the_United_States717" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ambassador_of_China_to_the_United_States717" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ambassador of China to the United States</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFF0B4;"><a href="Qing_dynasty" title="Qing dynasty">Qing</a> minister 1875–1912</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chen_Lanbin" title="Chen Lanbin">Chen Lanbin</a> 1875–81</li>

<li><a href="Cheng_Tsao-ju" title="Cheng Tsao-ju">Cheng Tsao-ju</a> 1881–85</li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Yinhuan" title="Zhang Yinhuan">Zhang Yinhuan</a> 1885–89</li>

<li><a href="Liang_Cheng" title="Liang Cheng">Liang Cheng</a> 1902–07</li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Yintang" title="Zhang Yintang">Zhang Yintang</a> 1909–11</li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Sao-ke_Sze" title="Alfred Sao-ke Sze">Alfred Sao-ke Sze</a> 1911–12</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> Envoy 1912–35</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Zhang_Yintang" title="Zhang Yintang">Zhang Yintang</a> 1912–13</li>

<li>Xia Xiefu 1913–15</li>

<li><a href="Wellington_Koo" title="Wellington Koo">V. K. Wellington Koo</a> 1915–20</li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Sao-ke_Sze" title="Alfred Sao-ke Sze">Alfred Sao-ke Sze</a> 1920–29</li>

<li><a href="Wu_Chaoshu" title="Wu Chaoshu">Wu Chaoshu</a> 1929–31</li>

<li><a href="Yan_Huiqing" title="Yan Huiqing">Yan Huiqing</a> 1931–33</li>

<li><a href="Alfred_Sao-ke_Sze" title="Alfred Sao-ke Sze">Alfred Sao-ke Sze</a> 1933–35</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Republic of China</a> Ambassador 1935–79</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alfred_Sao-ke_Sze" title="Alfred Sao-ke Sze">Alfred Sao-ke Sze</a> 1935–36</li>

<li><a href="Chengting_T._Wang" title="Chengting T. Wang">Chengting T. Wang</a> 1936–38</li>

<li><a href="Wellington_Koo" title="Wellington Koo">Wellington Koo</a> 1946–56</li>

<li><a href="Hollington_Tong" title="Hollington Tong">Hollington Tong</a> 1956–58</li>

<li><a href="George_Yeh" title="George Yeh">George Yeh</a> 1958–61</li>

<li><a href="Tsiang_Tingfu" title="Tsiang Tingfu">Tsiang Tingfu</a> 1961–65</li>

<li>Zhou Shukai 1965–71</li>

<li><a href="James_Shen" title="James Shen">James Shen</a> 1971–79</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFC2C2;"><a href="China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> Liaison Office Chief 1973–79</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Huang_Zhen" title="Huang Zhen">Huang Zhen</a> 1973–77</li>

<li><a href="Chai_Zemin" title="Chai Zemin">Chai Zemin</a> 1978–79</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #FFC2C2; l"><a href="China" title="China">People's Republic of China</a> Ambassador 1979–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chai_Zemin" title="Chai Zemin">Chai Zemin</a> 1979–82</li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Wenjin" title="Zhang Wenjin">Zhang Wenjin</a> 1983–85</li>

<li><a href="Zhu_Qizhen_(diplomat)" title="Zhu Qizhen (diplomat)">Zhu Qizhen</a> 1989–93</li>

<li><a href="Li_Daoyu" title="Li Daoyu">Li Daoyu</a> 1993–98</li>

<li><a href="Li_Zhaoxing" title="Li Zhaoxing">Li Zhaoxing</a> 1998–2001</li>

<li><a href="Yang_Jiechi" title="Yang Jiechi">Yang Jiechi</a> 2001–05</li>

<li><a href="Zhou_Wenzhong" title="Zhou Wenzhong">Zhou Wenzhong</a> 2005–10</li>

<li><a href="Zhang_Yesui" title="Zhang Yesui">Zhang Yesui</a> 2010–13</li>

<li><a href="Cui_Tiankai" title="Cui Tiankai">Cui Tiankai</a> 2013–21</li>

<li><a href="Xie_Feng_(diplomat)" title="Xie Feng (diplomat)">Xie Feng</a> 2023-present</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842303#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1471" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q842303#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1471" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Authority control databases </div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000110861689">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/119930703">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1727913">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8dHvB43FhykMwXfjt8C">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122887417">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89667508">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p287534065">Netherlands</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000009148&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810600571805606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007422941805171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/081931999">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/fecf92c4-a6ca-40eb-8e7f-f747618260f6">Yale LUX</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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